Atari 1200XL Computer: A Vindicated Classic
Greg | December 16, 2008As a kid, I was an avid computer nerd, and in the early 80s, Atari and Commodore computers were all the rage. I was in elementary school and I wanted an Atari computer very badly. I never got one - and there was a good reason for this. In late 1982, the 1200XL was the first Atari 8-bit computer introduced in the new XL line that was going to replace the aging 400 and 800 line of computers. It was a fantastic aesthetic design, but the new 1200XL had some basic design flaws that led to Atari discontinuing it just months after production began.

:: The Atari 1200XL was produced for only a few months in 1983 - click on image to enlarge ::
What were the 1200XL’s weaknesses? First was it did not have BASIC programming language incorporated into its onboard ROM. I do not see this as a weakness, but in that time BASIC was the primary programming language for home computer use. Alright, so you had to plug in the cartridge to run BASIC, big deal - but others balked at this since almost all other computers at the time (the Commodore 64, for example) had their BASIC language built into the machine.
Another problem with the 1200XL was the lack of an expansion port in the rear. Expandability was the buzzword back then, and people liked knowing they could expand their computer - even though they likely wouldn’t, and most home computers were primarily used as game systems.
Last but not least, Atari engineers wanted to increase the color saturation on the video signal by boosting the chroma output. This may sound like a good idea, but it backfired. The increased chroma caused ‘color bleed’ - a condition where oversaturated colors could not be well defined within borders since they were clipping the color palette of the television. This boosted chroma signal also did not play nice with monitors of the day, and the result was a generally fuzzy picture when compared to the Commodore 64, which had excellent video output. Atari corrected this problem with 600XL and 800XL machines, however.

:: The 1200XL featured extra programmable function keys - click on image to enlarge ::
These gripes are minor, in my opinion, when you consider the aspects that separated the 1200XL from its [less equipped] successors, the 600XL and 800XL. The 1200XL’s keyboard was vastly superior, and the keys were nicely polished with a staircase ascension. The 1200XL also had special programmable function keys, which the 600XL and 800XL also lacked. Additionally, the controller ports were positioned at a 45-degree angle toward the user, providing a cleaner connection, and finally, the 1200XL just looked a heck of a lot better. It’s a gorgeous machine, and it’s the last of the Atari computers that were made domestically. It was only produced for a few months, then discontinued quickly.
So what did the 600XL and 800XL machines offer over the 1200XL? A short list is below:
- Parallel Expansion Bus - for RAM expansion on the 600XL only, and for peripheral expansion on both.
- Onboard BASIC in ROM - I did not see this as an advantage, and Atari’s ‘Revision B’ OS has serious flaws.
- A +5 voltage rail on the serial port - the 1200XL lacked this, creating compatibility issues with some peripherals.
- Improved video - reverting to the Atari 400/800 chroma settings while boosting signal quality.
- Inferior keyboards - the 600XL and 800XL were exercises in cost cutting, unfortunately.

:: Power switch, cartridge port and two controller ports on left side - click on image to enlarge ::
I’ve been looking for a new-in-box 1200XL since about 2002, and I finally found one. It’s never been taken out of the box, except by myself, and it’s as new as the day it was made. I’m not sure, but I don’t think I’ll use this one - it’s just too rare. The very first thing I did when I opened the box was check out the keyboard, and it’s as smooth and nicely made as I remembered from my childhood. These days the 1200XL is highly sought after, not only because of its scarcity, but because of its keyboard. Many modders are updating the this machine for better video output, more RAM, and serial-to-PC connections.

:: The 1200XL featured Atari’s best keyboard - click on image to enlarge ::
Back in 1983, my dad bought me the 800XL, since he did not want to buy a discontinued model for me. I understand that, and the 800XL was functionally similar to the 1200XL, but it just never looked as nice and the keyboard was awful. No matter though, I finally have my Atari 1200XL.
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